ECE Final Year Syllabus - JNTU

I thought this might come in handy. My/Our Final Year ECE Syllabus of 2005 – Scanned and OCR’ed it from my Course Book. I think I have already mailed most of my classmates – anyways, may come in use some day, who knows? I think I’ll post a list of our Subjects in our Four Year Bachelor of Technology Course from Jawaharlal Technological University. That sure will be useful to many (Atleast to me, I tend to forget the Subject Names… hehe…)

2005-2006

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD

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IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

COMPUTER NETWORKS

UNIT I

Introduction: OSI, TCP/IP and other networks models, Examples of Networks: Novell Networks ,Arpanet, Internet, Network Topologies WAN, LAN, MAN.

UNIT II

Physical Layer: Transmission media copper, twisted pair wireless, switching and encoding asynchronous communications; Narrow band, broad band ISDN and ATM.

UNIT III

Data link layer: Design issues, framing, error detection and correction, CRC, Elementary Protocol-stop and wait, Sliding Window, Slip, Data link layer in HDLC, Internet, ATM.

UNIT IV

Medium Access sub layer: ALOHA, MAC addresses, Carrier sense multiple access. IEEE 802.X Standard Ethernet, wireless LANS. Bridges,

UNIT V

Network Layer: Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing algorithm shortest path routing, Flooding, Hierarchical routing, Broad cast, Multi cast, distance vector routing.

UNIT VI

Dynamic routing – Broadcast routing. Rotary for mobility. Congestion, Control Algorithms – General Principles – of Congestion prevension policies. Internet Working: The Network layer in the internet and in the ATM Networks.

UNIT VII

Transport Layer: Transport Services, Connection management, TCP and UDP protocols; ATM AAL Layer Protocol.

UNIT VIII

Application Layer – Network Security, Domain Name System,SNMP, Electronic Mail; the World WEB, Multi Media.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Computer Networks -- Andrew S Tanenbaum,4^th Edition. PHI/Pearson Education.
2. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan.. third Edition TMH.

REFERENCES

1. An Engineering approach to Computer Networks – S. Keshav,2^nd Edition,Pearson Education.
2. Understanding Communications and Networks,W.A.Shay,Thomson

2005-2006

 

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT I

Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy, Resolution, Precision, Expected value, Error, Sensitivity. Errors in Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response, Fidelity, Lag and Dynamic error. DC Voltimeters- Multirange, Range extension, Solid state and differential voltmeters, AC voltmeters- multi range, range extension, shunt. Thermocouple type RF ammeter, Ohmmeters series type, shunt type, calibration, Multirange. Multimeter as DC voltmeter, AC voltmeter, DC Ammeter and Ohmmeter. Digital multimeter power analyzer.

UNIT II

Signal sources- fixed and variable, AF oscillators, Standard and AF sine and square wave signal generators, Function Generators, Square pulse, Random noise, sweep, Arbitrary waveform, Random pattern, Video pattern.

UNIT III

Analyzers - Distortion, waveform, communication signal, Transmission, Logic and spectrum analyzers, Serial data compliance & Analysis, capacitance-voltage Analyzers.

UNIT IV

Oscilloscopes CRT features, vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system, sweep, trigger pulse, delay line, sync selector circuits, simple CRO, triggered sweep CRO, Dual beam CRO.

UNIT V

Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope, storage oscilloscope, digital readout oscilloscope, digital storage oscilloscope, Lissajous method of frequency measurement, capacitance & Inductance measurement, standard specifications of CRO, probes for CRO- Active & Passive, attenuator type, Frequency counter, Time and Period measurement output power meters, Audio, RF, Microwave and optical.

UNIT VI

AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson bridge. Measurement of capacitance-Schearing Bridge. Measurement of impedance- Kelvin’s bridge, Wheat stone bridge. Hay’s bridge, Wien Bridge, LCR Bridge, Resonance Bridge. Errors and precautions in using bridges. LCR and Q-meter, X-Y plotters.

UNIT VII

Transducers- active & passive transducers : Resistance, Capacitance, inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT, Flow meters, Piezo Electric transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Sensistors, Optical pyrometers.

UNIT VIII

Measurement of physical parameters force, pressure, velocity, humidity, moisture, vacuum level, acceleration, speed, proximity and displacement. Data acquisition systems.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Electronic instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques – A.D. Helfrick and

W.D. Cooper, PHI, 5^th Edition, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements - David A. Bell, PHI, 2^nd Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital Measurements - Robert A.Witte, Pearson Education, 2^nd Ed., 2004.
3. Measuring systems, Applications and Design - E.O. Doebelin, McGraw Hill, 4^th Ed., 1990.

4. Electronic Measurements - Oliver and Cage, ISE, McGrawHill, 1971.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT I

Overview of optical fiber communication - Historical development, The general system, advantages of optical fiber communications.

Optical fiber wave guides- Introduction, Ray theory transmission, Total Internal Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays.

Cylindrical fibers- Modes, V-number, Mode coupling, Step Index fibers, Graded Index fibers.

UNIT II

Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index. [2].

Fiber materials -- Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers.

Signal distortion in optical fibers- Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and Cladding losses.[1].

UNIT III

Information capacity determination, Group delay, Types of Dispersion - Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion, Polarization mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion. Pulse broadening.

Optical fiber Connectors- Connector types, Single mode fiber connectors, Connector return loss. [1].

UNIT IV

Fiber Splicing- Splicing techniques, Splicing single mode fibers [1]. Fiber alignment and joint loss- Multimode fiber joints, single mode fiber joints,[2]. Optical sources- LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency, Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes, Threshold conditions, External quantum efficiency, Laser diode rate equations, Resonant frequencies. Reliability of LED and ILD. [1].

UNIT V

Source to fiber power launching - Output patterns, Power coupling, Power launching, Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling.[1].

UNIT VI

Optical detectors- Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector response time, Temperature effect on Avalanche gain, Comparision of Photodetectors.[1].

Optical receiver operation- Fundamental receiver operation, Digital signal transmission, error sources, Receiver configuration, Digital receiver performance, Probability of error, Quantum limit, Analog receivers.[1].

UNIT VII

Optical system design --Considerations, Component choice, Multiplexing.[2].

Point-to- point links, System considerations, Link power budget with examples.[1&2].

Overall fiber dispersion in Multi mode and Single mode fibers, Rise time budget with examples.[Ref 1&2].

UNTI VIII

Transmission distance, Line coding in Optical links, WDM, Necessity , Principles, Types of WDM, Measurement of Attenuation and Dispersion, Eye pattern.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 3^rd Edition, 2000.
2. Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2^nd Edition, 2002.
3. Fiber Optic Communications – Joseph C. Palais, 4^th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.

RERFERENCES

1. Fiber Optic Communications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner, Pearson Education, 2005.
2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta, PHI, 2005.
3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3^rd Ediition, 2004.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

RADAR SYSTEMS

UNIT I

Introduction Nature of Radar, Maximum Unambiguous Range, Radar Waveforms, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Radar Frequencies and Applications. Related Problems.

UNIT II

Radar Equation Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Receiver Noise and SNR, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets - sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities, System Losses (qualitative treatment). Related Problems.

UNIT III

CW and Frequency Modulated Radar

Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW radar.

UNIT IV

FM-CW Radar, Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and Characteristics (Approaching/Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Measurement Errors, Multiple Frequency CW Radar.

UNIT V

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar

Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power Amplifier Transmitter and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated Doppler Filters. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance. Non-coherent MTI, MTI versus Pulse Doppler Radar.

UNIT VI

Tracking Radar

Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar – Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates), Phase Comparison Monopulse. Target Reflection Characteristics and Angular Accuracy. Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning Patterns. Comparison of Trackers.

UNIT VII

Detection of Radar Signals in Noise Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver – Response Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver, Efficiency of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.

UNIT VIII

Radar Receivers – Noise Figure and Noise Temperature. Displays – types. Duplexers – Branch type and Balanced type, Circulators as Duplexers. Introduction to Phased Array Antennas – Basic Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering and Beam Width changes, Series versus Parallel Feeds, Applications, Advantages and Limitations.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, SECOND EDITION, McGraw-Hill, 1981.

REFERENCES

1. Introduction to Radar Systems – Merrill I. Skolnik, THIRD EDITION, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2001.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

OPERATING SYSTEMS

( ELECTIVE - I)

.

UNIT I

Computer System and Operating System Overview; Overview of Computer System hardware – Instruction execution – I/O function – Interrupts – Memory hierarchy – I.O Communication techniques. Operating System Objectives and functions – Evaluation of operating System – Example Systems.

UNIT II

Process Description – Process Control-process states – Process and Threads - Examples of Process description and Control.

UNIT III

Concurrency: Principles of Concurrency – Mutual Exclusion – Software and hardware approaches – semaphores – Monitors – Message Passing – Readers Writers Problem.

UNIT IV

Principles of deadlock – deadlock prevention, detection and avoidance dining philosophers problem – example Systems.

UNIT V

Memory Management: Memory Management requirements – loading programmes in to main memory – virtual memory – hardware and Control structures – OS Software – Examples of Memory Management.

UNIT VI

Uniprocessor Scheduling: Types of Scheduling – Scheduling algorithms – I/O management and Disc Scheduling – I/o devices – organization – of I/O function – OS design issues – I/O buffering – Disk I/O – disk scheduling Policies – examples System.

UNIT VII

File Management and Security: Overview of file management – file organization and access – File Directories – File sharing – record blocking – secondary Storage Management – example system.

UNIT VIII

Security: Security threats – Protection – intruders – Viruses – trusted System.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Operating Systems’ – Internal and Design Principles, Fifth Edition–2005, Pearson education./PHI

2. Operating System Principles- Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne,7^th Edition John Wiley

REFERENCES

1. Operating Systems A design approach- Crowley,TMH.

2. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum. 2^nd Edition, PHI/PEARSON

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 4-0-4

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

(ELECTIVE – II)

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION [2]

Origin of Satellite Communications, Historical Back-ground, Basic Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency allocations for Satellite Services, Applications, Future Trends of Satellite Communications.

UNIT II

ORBITAL MECHANICS AND LAUNCHERS[1]

Orbital Mechanics, Look Angle determination, Orbital perturbations, Orbit determination, launches and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in communication systems performance.

UNIT III

SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS[1]

Attitude and orbit control system, telemetry, tracking, Command and monitoring, power systems, communication subsystems, Satellite antenna Equipment reliability and Space qualification.

UNIT IV

SATELLITE LINK DESIGN[1]

Basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, Design of down links, up link design, Design of satellite links for specified C/N, System design example.

UNIT V

MULTIPLE ACCESS[1][2]

Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N

Time division Multiple Access (TDMA) Frame structure, Examples. Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard processing, DAMA, Code Division Multiple access (CDMA),Spread spectrum transmission and reception.

UNIT VI

EARTH STATION TECHNOLOGY[3]

Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking systems, Terrestrial interface, Primary power test methods.

UNIT VII

LOW EARTH ORBIT AND GEO-STATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEMS[1]

Orbit consideration, coverage and frequency considerations, Delay & Throughput considerations, System considerations, Operational NGSO constellation Designs

UNIT VIII

SATELLITE NAVIGATION & THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM [1]

Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS Position Location principles, GPS Receivers and codes, Satellite signal acquisition, GPS Navigation Message, GPS signal levels, GPS receiver operation, GPS C/A code accuracy, Differential GPS.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Satellite Communications – Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt, WSE, Wiley Publications, 2^nd Edition, 2003.
2. Satellite Communications Engineering – Wilbur L. Pritchard, Robert A Nelson and Henri G.Suyderhoud, 2^nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003.
3. Satellite Communications – Dennis Roddy, McGraw Hill, 2^nd Edition, 1996.

REFERENCES

1. Satellite Communications : Design Principles – M. Richharia, BS Publications, 2^nd Edition, 2003.
2. Satellite Communication - D.C Agarwal, Khanna Publications, 5^th Ed..

3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications – K.N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 0-3-2

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LAB.

Minimun Twelve Experiments to be conducted :

Part – A ( Any 7 Experiments) :

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics.
2. Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. Attenuation Measurement.
4. Directional Coupler Characteristics.
5. VSWR Measurement.
6. Impedance and Frequency Measurement.
7. Waveguide parameters measurement.
8. Scattering parameters of Circulator.
9. Scattering parameters of Magic Tee.

Part – B ( Any 5 Experiments ) :

1. Characterization of LED.
2. Characterization of Laser Diode.
3. Intensity modulation of Laser output through an optical fiber.
4. Measurement of Data rate for Digital Optical link.
5. Measurement of NA.
6. Measurement of losses for Analog Optical link.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Semester 0-3-2

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. To study the architecture of DSP chips – TMS 320 CSA/Instructions.
2. To verify linear convolution/instructions.
3. To verify the circular convolution.
4. To design FIR filter (LP/HP) using windowing technique

1. Using rectangular window
2. Using triangular window
3. Using Kaiser window

1. To Implement IIR filter (LP/HP) on DSP Processors
2. N-point FFT algorithm.
3. MATLAB program to generate sum of sinusoidal signals.
4. MATLAB program to find frequency response of analog LP/HP filters.
5. To compute power density spectrum of a sequence.
6. To find the FFT of given 1-D signal and plot.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT I

CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS

Introduction to Cellular Mobile System, Performance criteria, uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal shaped cells, Analog and Digital Cellular systems.

UNIT II

ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN

General description of the problem, concept of frequency channels, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case in a omni directional Antenna system, Cell splitting, consideration of the components of Cellular system.

UNIT III

INTERFERENCE
Introduction to Co-Channel Interference, real time Co-Channel interference, Co-Channel measurement, design of Antenna system, Antenna parameters and their effects, diversity receiver, non-co-channel interference-different types.

UNIT IV

CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC

Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, effect of human made structures, phase difference between direct and reflected paths, constant standard deviation, straight line path loss slope, general formula for mobile propagation over water and flat open area, near and long distance propagation antenna height gain, form of a point to point model.

UNIT V

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS

Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis, omni directional antennas, directional antennas for interference reduction, space diversity antennas, umbrella pattern antennas, minimum separation of cell site antennas, high gain antennas.

UNIT VI

FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT

Numbering and grouping, setup access and paging channels channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, channel sharing and borrowing, sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed channel assignment.

UNIT VII

Handoff, dropped calls and cell splitting, types of handoff, handoff invitation, delaying handoff, forced handoff, mobile assigned handoff. Intersystem handoff, cell splitting, micro cells, vehicle locating methods, dropped call rates and their evaluation.

UNIT VIII

DIGITAL CELLULAR NETWORKS

GSM architecture, GSM channels, multiplex access scheme , TDMA, CDMA.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, MC Graw Hill, 2^nd Edn., 1989.

2. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2^nd Edn.,

2002.

3. Cellular & Mobile Communications – Lee, MC Graw Hill.

REFERENCES

1. Wireless Communication Technology – R. Blake, Thompson Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2004.

2. Wireless Communication and Networking – Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhqung,

PHI, 2005.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS

(ELECTIVE – III)

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems overview, design challenge, processor technology, IC technology, Design Technology, Trade-offs. Single purpose processors RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic (RT-level), custom single purpose processor design (RT-level), optimizing custom single purpose processors.

UNIT II

GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS

Basic architecture, operation, Pipelining, Programmer’s view, development environment, Application Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs) – Micro Controllers and Digital Signal Processors.

UNIT III

STATE MACHINE AND CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS

Introduction, models Vs. languages, finite state machines with data path model (FSMD), using state machines, program state machine model (PSM), concurrent process model, concurrent processes, communication among processes, synchronization among processes, implementation, data flow model, real-time systems.

UNIT IV

COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

Need for communication interfaces, RS232 / UART, RS422 / RS485, USB, Infrared, IEEE 1394 Firewire, Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Blue tooth.

UNIT V

EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS – I

Architecture of the Kernel, Tasks and Task scheduler, Interrupt service routines, Semaphores, Mutex.

UNIT VI

EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS – II

Mailboxes , Message Queues , Event Registers, Pipes, Signals

UNIT VII

EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS – III

Timers, Memory Management, Priority inversion problem, Embedded operating systems Embedded Linux, Real-time operating systems, RT Linux, Handheld operating systems, Windows CE.

UNIT VIII

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

Introduction, Automation, Synthesis, Parallel evolution of compilation and synthesis, Logic Synthesis, RT synthesis, Behavioral Synthesis, Systems Synthesis and Hardware/ Software Co-Design, Verification, Hardware/Software co-simulation, Reuse of intellectual property codes.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction - Frank Vahid, Tony D. Givargis, John Wiley, 2002.
2. Embedded / Real Time Systems – KVKK Prasad, Dreamtech Press, 2005.
3. Introduction to Embedded Systems – Raj Kamal, TMS, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems – Jonathan W. Valvano, Brooks / Cole, Thompson Learning.
2. An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson Ed., 2005.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

(ELECTIVE – III)

UNIT I

Components of Medical Instrumentation System. Bioamplifier. Static and dynamic characteristics of medical instruments. Biosignals and characteristics. Problems encountered with measurements from human beings.

UNIT II

Organisation of cell. Derivation of Nernst equation for membrane Resting Potential Generation and Propagation of Action Potential, Conduction through nerve to neuro-muscular junction.

UNIT III

Bio Electrodes – Biopotential Electrodes-External electrodes, Internal Electrodes. Biochemical Electrodes.

UNIT IV

Mechanical function, Electrical Conduction system of the heart. Cardiac cycle. Relation between electrical and mechanical activities of the heart.

UNIT V

Cardiac Instrumentation Blood pressure and Blood flow measurement. Specification of ECG machine. Einthoven triangle, Standard 12-lead configurations, Interpretation of ECG waveform with respect to electro mechanical activity of the heart.

UNIT VI

Therapeutic equipment. Pacemaker, Defibrillator, Shortwave diathermy. Hemodialysis machine.

UNIT VII

Neuro-Muscular Instrumentation Specification of EEG and EMG machines. Electrode placement for EEG and EMG recording. Intrepretation of EEG and EMG.

UNIT VIII

Respiratory Instrumentation Mechanism of respiration, Spirometry, Pnemuotachograph Ventilators.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – Leslie Cromwell and F.J. Weibell, E.A. Pfeiffer, PHI, 2^nd Ed, 1980.
2. Medical Instrumentation, Application and Design – John G. Webster, John Wiley, 3^rd Ed., 1998.
3. Biomedical Telemetry – Mackay, Stuart R., John Wiley, 1968.

REFERENCES

1. Principles of Applied Biomedical Instrumentation – L.A. Geoddes and L.E. Baker, John Wiley, 1975.
2. Hand-book of Biomedical Instrumentation – R.S. Khandpur, TMH, 2^nd Ed., 2003.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

WIRELESS COMMUNCIATIONS AND NETWORKS

(ELECTIVE – III)

UNIT I

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, Spread Spectrum, Multiple access, SDMA, Packet radio, Packet radio protocols, CSMA protocols, Reservation protocols

UNIT II

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKING

Introduction, Difference between wireless and fixed telephone networks, Development of wireless networks, Traffic routing in wireless networks.

UNIT III

WIRELESS DATA SERVICES

CDPD, ARDIS, RMD, Common channel signaling, ISDN, BISDN and ATM, SS7, SS7 user part, signaling traffic in SS7.

UNIT IV

MOBILE IP AND WIRELESS ACCESS PROTOCOL

Mobile IP Operation of mobile IP, Co-located address, Registration, Tunneling, WAP Architecture, overview, WML scripts, WAP service, WAP session protocol, wireless transaction, Wireless datagram protocol.

UNIT V

WIRELESS LAN TECHNOLOGY

Infrared LANs, Spread spectrum LANs, Narrow bank microwave LANs, IEEE 802 protocol Architecture, IEEE802 architecture and services, 802.11 medium access control, 802.11 physical layer.

UNIT VI

BLUE TOOTH

Overview, Radio specification, Base band specification, Links manager specification, Logical link control and adaptation protocol. Introduction to WLL Technology.

UNIT VII

MOBILE DATA NETWORKS

Introduction, Data oriented CDPD Network, GPRS and higher data rates, Short messaging service in GSM, Mobile application protocol.

UNIT VIII

WIRELESS ATM & HIPER LAN

Introduction, Wireless ATM, HIPERLAN, Adhoc Networking and WPAN.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, PHI, 2003.
2. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rappaport, PHI, 2^nd Edn., 2002.
3. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy,

Pearson Education, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, PHI, 1999.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG

(ELECTIVE – IV)

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO VERILOG

Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design Description, Concurrency, Simulation and Synthesis, Functional Verification, System Tasks, Programming Language Interface (PLI), Module, Simulation and Synthesis Tools, Test Benches.

LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS AND CONVENTIONS

Introduction, Keywords, Identifiers, White Space Characters, Comments, Numbers, Strings, Logic Values, Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors, Parameters, Memory, Operators, System Tasks, Exercises.

UNIT II

GATE LEVEL MODELING

Introduction, AND Gate Primitive, Module Structure, Other Gate Primitives, Illustrative Examples, Tri-State Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives, Additional Examples, Design of Flip-flops with Gate Primitives, Delays, Strengths and Contention Resolution, Net Types, Design of Basic Circuits, Exercises.

UNIT III

BEHAVIORAL MODELING

Introduction, Operations and Assignments, Functional Bifurcation, Initial Construct, Always Construct, Examples, Assignments with Delays, Wait construct, Multiple Always Blocks, Designs at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non blocking Assignments, The case statement, Simulation Flow. iƒ and iƒ-else constructs, assign-deassign construct, repeat construct, for loop, the disable construct, while loop, forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release construct, Event.

UNIT IV

MODELING AT DATA FLOW LEVEL

Introduction, Continuous Assignment Structures, Delays and Continuous Assignments, Assignment to Vectors, Operators.

SWITCH LEVEL MODELING

Introduction, Basic Transistor Switches, CMOS Switch, Bi-directional Gates, Time Delays with Switch Primitives, Instantiations with Strengths and Delays, Strength Contention with Trireg Nets, Exercises.

UNIT V

SYSTEM TASKS, FUNCTIONS, AND COMPILER DIRECTIVES

Introduction, Parameters, Path Delays, Module Parameters, System Tasks and Functions, File-Based Tasks and Functions, Compiler Directives, Hierarchical Access, General Observations, Exercises,

FUNCTIONS, TASKS, AND USER-DEFINED PRIMITIVES

Introduction, Function, Tasks, User-Defined Primitives (UDP), FSM Design (Moore and Mealy Machines)

UNIT VI

DIGITAL DESIGN WITH SM CHARTS

State Machine Charts, Derivation of SM Charts, Realization of SM Charts, Implementation of the Dice Game, Alternative realizations for SM Charts using Microprogramming, Linked State Machines.

UNIT VII

DESIGNING WITH PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS AND COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES

Xilinx 3000 Series FPGAs, Designing with FPGAs, Using a One-Hot State Assignment, Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Altera FLEX 10K Series CPLDs

UNIT VIII

VERILOG MODELS

Static RAM Memory, A simplified 486 Bus Model, Interfacing Memory to a Microprocessor Bus, UART Design, Design of Microcontroller CPU.

TEST BOOKS

1. Design through Verilog HDL – T.R. Padmanabhan and B. Bala Tripura Sundari, WSE, 2004 IEEE Press.
2. A Verilog Primier – J. Bhaskar, BSP, 2003.
3. Digital systems Design using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr. Thomson Publications, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. Fundamentals of Logic Design with Verilog – Stephen. Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, TMH, 2005.
2. Digital Systems Design using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr. Thomson Publications, 2004.
3. Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL – Michael D. Ciletti, PHI, 2005.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

DSP PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES

(ELECTIVE – IV)

UNIT I

INTORODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESING

Introduction, A Digital signal-processing system, The sampling process, Discrete time sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation, Analysis and Design tool for DSP Systems MATLAB, DSP using MATLAB.

UNIT II

COMPUTATIONAL ACCURACY IN DSP IMPLEMENTATIONS

Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.

UNIT III

ARCHITECTURES FOR PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES

Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation Unit, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.

UNIT IV

EXECUTION CONTROL AND PIPELINING

Hardware looping, Interrupts, Stacks, Relative Branch support, Pipelining and Performance, Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branching effects, Interrupt effects, Pipeline Programming models.

UNIT V

PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.

UNIT VI

IMPLEMENTATIONS OF BASIC DSP ALGORITHMS

The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters, PID Controller, Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal Processing.

UNIT VII

IMPLEMENTATION OF FFT ALGORITHMS

An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, A Butterfly Computation, Overflow and scaling, Bit-Reversed index generation, An 8-Point FFT implementation on the TMS320C54XX, Computation of the signal spectrum.

UNIT VIII

INTERFACING MEMORY AND I/O PERIPHERALS TO PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES

Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

A Multichannel buffered serial port (McBSP), McBSP Programming, a CODEC interface circuit, CODEC programming, A CODEC-DSP interface example.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. S. Chand & Co, 2000.

REFERENCES

1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkata Ramani and M. Bhaskar, TMH, 2004.
2. Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, John Wiley, 2005.

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - II Semester 4-0-4

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

(ELECTIVE – IV)

UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Introduction, Artificial Neural Networks, Historical Development of Neural Networks, Biological Neural Networks, Comparison Between Brain and the Computer, Comparison Between Artificial and Biological Neural Networks, Network Architecture, Setting the Weights, Activation Functions, Learning Methods.

UNIT II

FUNDAMENTAL MODELS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Introduction, McCulloch – Pitts Neuron Model, Architecture, Learning Rules, Hebbian Learning Rule, Perceptron Learning Rule, Delta Learning Rule (Widrow-Hoff Rule or Leastmean Squre (LMS) rule, Competitive Learning Rule, Out Star Learning Rule, Boltzmann Learning, Memory Based Learning.

UNIT III

FEED FORWARD NETWORKS

Introduction, Single Layer Perceptron Architecture, Algorithm, Application Procedure, Perception Algorithm for Several Output Classes, Perceptron Convergence Theorem, Brief Introduction to Multilayer Perceptron networks, Back Propagation Network (BPN), Generalized Delta Learning Rule, Back Propagation rule, Architecture, Training Algorithm, Selection of Parameters, Learning in Back Propagation, Application Algorithm, Local Minima and Global Minima, Merits and Demerits of Back Propagation Network, Applications, Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), Architecture, Training Algorithm for an RBFN with Fixed Centers.

UNIT IV

ADALINE AND MADALINE NETWORKS

Introduction, Adaline Architecture, Algorithm, Applications, Madaline, Architecture, MRI Algorithm, MRII Algorithm.

UNIT V

COUNTER PROPAGATION NETWORKS

Winner Take – all learning, out star learning, Kohonen Self organizing network, Grossberg layer Network, Full Counter Propagation Network (Full CPN), Architecture, Training Phases of Full CPN, Training Algorithm, Application Procedure, Forward Only counter Propagation Network, Architecture, Training Algorithm, Applications, Learning Vector Quantizer (LVQ).

UNIT VI

ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY NETWORKS - I

Types, Architecture, Continuous and Discrete Hopfield Networks, Energy Analysis, Storage and Retrival Algorithms, Problems with Hopfield Networks.

UNIT VII

ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY NETWORKS – II

Boltzman Machine, Bidirectional Associative Memory, Adaptive Resonance Theory Networks Introduction, Architecture, Algorithm.

UNIT VIII

APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS

Implementation of A/D Converter using Hopfield Network, Solving Optimization Problems, Solving Simultaneous Linear Equation, Solving Traveling Salesman Problems using Hopfield Networks, Application in Pattern Recognition, Image Processing,

TEXTBOOKS

1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems - J.M.Zurada, Jaico Publishers, 3^rd Edition.
2. Introduction to Neural Networks Using MATLAB 6.0 - S.N. Shivanandam, S. Sumati, S. N. Deepa, TMH.
3. Artificial Neural Networks - B. Yegnanarayana, PHI.

REFERENCES

1. Elements of Artificial Neural Networks - Kishan Mehrotra, Chelkuri K. Mohan, and Sanjay Ranka, Penram International.

2. Artificial Neural Network – Simon Haykin, Pearson Education, 2^nd Ed.

3. Fundamental of Neural Networks – Laurene Fausett, Pearson, 1^st Ed.